The working principle of a current sensor

The current sensor is a device used to measure and monitor current, widely applied in various electrical systems. Its working principle is mainly based on electromagnetism, electronics, and related physical laws. Below, the working principle of the current sensor will be introduced in detail.

The working principle of the current sensor is mainly based on the magnetic effect of current. When current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is generated around the conductor. The strength of this magnetic field is proportional to the current flowing through the conductor. Inside the current sensor, there is a special coil called the sensing coil or measuring coil. When the current to be measured flows through the sensing coil, an induced electromotive force is generated around the sensing coil, and the magnitude of the induced electromotive force is proportional to the current flowing through the sensing coil. Thus, by measuring the magnitude of the induced electromotive force, the magnitude of the measured current can be obtained. This is the most basic measurement principle of the current sensor.

In addition, modern current sensors often integrate electronic components such as amplification circuits, conversion circuits, and signal processing circuits. These components can amplify the induced electromotive force and convert it into a signal format suitable for subsequent processing, such as digital signals or analog signals. The amplification circuit can increase the amplitude of the signal and improve the signal's anti-interference capability; the conversion circuit can convert the induced electromotive force into a signal format suitable for subsequent processing, facilitating data transmission and processing; the signal processing circuit can filter, shape, and process the signal to improve measurement accuracy and stability.

Moreover, current sensors can also be calibrated and adjusted according to different needs. By adjusting the parameters of the sensor and the circuit parameters, measurement results of different ranges and accuracies can be obtained. At the same time, current sensors can also provide overload protection, insulation protection, and other functions to ensure the safety and stable operation of electrical systems.

In summary, the working principle of the current sensor is mainly based on the magnetic effect of current and principles of electronics. It measures the current magnitude by generating an induced electromotive force through the sensing coil and performs operations such as amplification, conversion, and processing of the signal through electronic components to obtain a signal format suitable for subsequent processing. At the same time, current sensors can also be calibrated and adjusted to meet the needs of different electrical systems.